The Best Prevention and Control Methods: Routine gynecological exams, cervical cytology tests, early HPV vaccination, and regular cervical screening

The main cause of cervical cancer—HPV—is primarily transmitted through sexual activity. Any sexually active woman is at risk of infection. Therefore, regular cervical cytology and HPV screening are extremely important for cervical cancer prevention.

If vaccinated, does it mean you will never get cervical cancer?

The culprit HPV virus has many subtypes, similar to the flu virus, with different genotypes. Current vaccines only cover two or four high-risk HPV types. Thus, HPV vaccination can only reduce the incidence of cervical cancer.

What is the optimal age for HPV vaccination?

For both sexes, the optimal HPV vaccination age is 11-12 years old, with a minimum age of 9. Females aged 13-26 and males aged 13-21 who have not been vaccinated or completed vaccination are also recommended to receive it. Males aged 22-26 with high-risk factors (e.g., men who have sex with men or immunocompromised individuals) are also advised to get vaccinated.

Generally, sexually active women are advised to start cervical cancer screening at age 21. Women aged 21-29 should have a cervical cytology test (TCT) every 3 years. Women aged 30-65 may choose either TCT plus HPV co-testing every 5 years or TCT alone every 3 years. If high-risk factors such as HPV infection, multiple sexual partners, or early sexual activity are present, screening frequency should be increased under medical guidance.

If vaccinated, is annual cervical screening still necessary?

Early cervical cancer is mostly asymptomatic. Symptoms such as increased discharge, abnormal leucorrhea, or contact bleeding usually indicate middle or late stages. Therefore, the best prevention and control methods remain routine gynecological exams, cervical cytology tests, early HPV vaccination, and regular cervical screening.

Let us take proactive action, safeguarding our health through early screening, staying clear of cervical cancer threats, and embracing a beautiful life.